Bank statements

How to read a bank statement

A statement covers one period: the starting balance, every deposit and withdrawal, any fees and the ending balance. Check that every line is yours and that the numbers add up.

A letter under a magnifying lens

Six parts of every bank statement

Statement period
The dates the statement covers.
Starting balance
What was in the account on the first day.
Deposits
Paychecks, transfers in and refunds.
Withdrawals
Card purchases, bills, transfers out and cash.
Fees and interest
Monthly, overdraft and ATM fees, and any interest earned.
Ending balance
The starting balance plus deposits and interest, minus withdrawals and fees.

1Check that it adds up

Starting balance, plus deposits and interest, minus withdrawals and fees, equals the ending balance. Some banks list fees inside withdrawals; count them once.

2Read every withdrawal

Look for charges you do not recognize, double charges and subscriptions you forgot about.

3A worked example

Starting balance $1,250. Deposits $2,400 and $1 of interest. Withdrawals $3,038 and a $12 fee. $1,250 + $2,400 + $1 - $3,038 - $12 = $601, the ending balance.

4Look for fees

Monthly maintenance, overdraft and ATM fees add up. You can ask the bank to waive them.

5Report problems fast

Tell your bank about a charge you did not make as soon as you see it. If your debit card is lost or stolen and you report it within two business days, you are liable for $50 at most.

How to do it in Oaktally

Reading one statement takes ten minutes. If you log as you go, the month-end check is a quick match.

  1. Log spending as it happensAdd each purchase by voice, with a receipt photo or with a tap.
  2. Compare with your statementOnce a month, check your entries against the statement and add anything missing.
  3. Update the balanceUpdate balance saves what the bank shows, so your accounts stay right.
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Oaktally Transactions: $2,547.90 spent in October, category bars and each purchase with who paid.

Try it with your numbers

Put your own income and costs into the free worksheet.

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Frequently asked questions

How long should I keep bank statements?

A year is enough for most people. Keep the ones you need for taxes, a loan or a dispute longer.

What does pending mean?

The bank has the charge but has not finished it. The amount can still change, like a tip at a restaurant.

Further reading

CFPB: Income, bills, spending and savings tools ↗CFPB: Liability for unauthorized transfers (Regulation E) ↗

Educational examples, not individual financial advice.

Know every charge before the statement

Oaktally is a budgeting app to log purchases and check them against your bank. Get an email when it launches.

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How to read a bank statement: the steps from this guide on one card.

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